Reciprocating machine



De 9, 1952 R. J. CHAMPAYNE RECIPROCATING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet l FiledFeb. l, 1946 NvN-ro@ vQoq c3. Champagne @Mami W Dec., 9, E952 R. J.CHAMPAYNE RECIPROCATING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. l, 1946 L elom, w T@ wpa, w QA w 4 Dec. 9, 1952 R. J. CHAMPAYNE RECIPROCATINGMACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet l5 Filed Feb.v l, 194

T n c TP mf vh SW d Patented Dec. 9, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICERECIPROCATIN G MACHINE Roy J. Ghampayne, Rockford, Ill.

Application February 1, 1946, Serial No. 64:'*457275 2Claims. l.

This invention relates to reciprocating machines, particularly those ofthe pneumatically actuated type.

The general object is' to provide a portablereciprocating machine whichis lighter in weight and of greater vcapacity and efficiency thanlmachines ofsimilar type heretofore produced.

Another object is to provide a reciprocating machine in which tworeciprocating parts are mounted and guided` in a novel manner on a sup'-porting` body for reciprocation by a pneumatic,

operator on the body.

A furtherV object is, to arrange therreciprocating partsinend toendlrelatiorrandactuate the samer in a novel manner by two pneumaticoperators having their cylinders arrangedisideby side above the parts.

Other. objects and advantagesof the invention willvbecome-aplciarentfrom the following detailed' description taken inconnectionwith the accom.- panying drawingsinwhich Figure. 1 is a.perspective view ofi a rubbing Figs. '7 and 8. arediagrammatic views ofthe.

pneumatic operators and their control circuits.

Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional viewstakenrespectively along the lines 9 9and Iliff-Ill of` Fig. 2.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary perspective View of thesupporting slides forthe rubbingshoes.

While the invention; is susceptible, of various modiiicationsV and`alternative constructions, I have shown in the drawingsy and will.herein describe in detailthepreferred embodiment. It is tol be.-understood, however, that I do not intend to. limit the invention bysuch disclosure but aim.`

to. cover al1 modifications and alternative constructions fallingwithinthe-spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in theAappended claims.

The improved rubbing machinev shown in the drawings for purposes ofillustration comprises generally a` body I-Ilproper constituting a.housing for pneumaticoperators l I and I2-1and1flafpair` of rubbingshoes I-3 and I4 beneath the body'V slidably supported by the latter andreciprocatedvl The body I-IJ isa by the respective operators. castingyof lightweight material having atop-por` tiongenerally oval-shaped crosssection so as to constitute a hand: grip and a narrower-bottom partformed by parallel iianges I5 laterally spaced*- apart to provide aYrecessl 23 in which theV shoe supporting andy guiding structurelsdisposed. The ends of the body are flat andc separated by gaskets t6 andII fromthe'flat surfaces of castings I8 and I9 Which constituterear andfront endi shorter than their cylinders, andherein aremade hollow toreduce their weight and' form part of,l

air passages laterV to be described'. The gaskets I6 and I1 backed'bythe at end surfaces of the. caps I8 and I 9 closethe ends of. thetwocylinders.

The rubbing shoesare individually supported for reciprocatory motion byan elongated antifriction bearing and guide structure disposed Vin thebottom recess 23 of the body andthe capextensions thereof. Thisstructureincludes two bars 3@ and 3l disposed adjacentthe flanges I 5, ontheinner sides thereof and held in the body recess 23 by a clamping plate32 secured asby. a plu.- rality of screws 33 to the flanges. grooves 3Aare formed onthe inner sidesofthese bars to provide raceways for tworow-sof anti'.-

friction elements or balls 35 and 36 held inspaced.

relation by apertured retainer strips 31. The op.-A

posite sides of the balls 35 and 36 seat inrace:`

ways 38 and 39 onrthe outer surfacesof two slides, All and lll in theform of flat bars ofsubstantially. greater length than the, pistons andthe body II);

The adjacent sides of these slidesv aregrooved to form raceways A3 for athird row of ballsJM held in spaced relation by aretainer strip45..

A lug 46 formed integral with and depending Longitudinal.

from one end of the slide 4I is rigidly secured by screws 41 to a nange48 upstanding from the rubbing shoe I4. A lug 49 intermediate the endsof the slide 40 is similarly secured to the shoe I3.

To connect each rubbing shoe with its individual pneumatic operator, theslides 40 and 4I are formed with integral lugs 50 and 5| which projectupwardly through vertical slots 52 milled in the body I and intersectingthe adjacent sides of the sleeves 24 and 25 forming segmental slots 53and 54 in the cylinders 26 and 21, these slots extending longitudinallyof the cylinders a distance greater than the stroke of the pistons. Theadjacent sides of the pistons are formed midway between their ends withsegmental slots 55 and 56 which receive the upper ends of the lugs 50and 5|. In this instance, the piston slots are of slightly greaterthickness than the lugs so that the hollow piston and its associatedbody slot 52 may be used as an exhaust air passage,

By locating the anti-friction bearing guides between the actuatingpistons and the rubbing shoes as above described, it will be observedthat relatively long guide surfaces may be employed, which surfaces,when the anti-friction bearing surfaces are fitted closely, hold theshoes accurately against tilting under the force couple formed by thepiston force on the upstanding lugs and the work resistance against thebottom of the shoes. By disposing the lugs 46, 49, 59 and I in theplanes of the slides 40 and 4I and by connecting the slides to theadjacent sides of the two pistons, the slides may be located relativelyclose together, and therefore may be connected to the shoes close to thelongitudinal center lines of the latter. Also, the pistons, beingmounted side by side, may be of substantial length and therefore notsubject to tilting in their cylinders. The three rows of balls and theircooperating raceways arranged as above described form an effectivelateral thrust bearing for transmitting to the shoes the downwardlydirected pressure manually applied to the body I0 in the normal use ofthe rubbing machine.

The pistons 28 and 29 are moved in opposite directions simultaneously ineach of their strokes. To insure that the two will always movecorresponding distances and in perfect synchronism, they are preferablyjoined mechanically by a connection whose parts are disposed in thebottom recess 2| of the end cap I8. connection comprises a lever 51extending transversely of the body and having an upstanding stud 58received in an anti-friction bearing 59 in the cap I8. Studs 69depending from opposite ends of the lever are received in bifurcatedheads SI on opposite ends of the slides 40 and 4|.

Air at the proper pressure is supplied to the machine through a iiexiblehose connection leading into a tapped fitting 62 in the outer end of therear cap |8. The admission of compressed air is controlled by a valve 63which is opened and closed in response to the depression and release ofan arm 64 pivoted at 65 on the cap I8 and projecting forwardly along thetop of the body |0 so that it may be actuated by the operators handholding the machine or guiding it along the work. Near its pivot, thearm 64 bears downwardly against the upstanding stern 66 of a valvemember 61 which is urged against its seat by a spring 88. When the valveis opened, air fiows into a passage 69 from which it is distributed tothe two cylinders 26 and 21 by a valve mounted in the cap I8 and, inaccordance with the present invention, actuated pneumatically.

rThis The distributing valve comprises a hollow plunger 1I slidable in acylinder 12 closed at its opposite ends by plugs 13 and extendingtransversely of the cap |8 and the upper portion thereof. The plunger isheld against turning by a screw 14 whose upper end projects into a slot15 in the plunger which constitutes the valve inlet and communicatescontinuously with the air supply passage 69. On its forward side, theplunger 1| is formed with two slot-type ports 16 and 11 which, inopposite limit positions of the plunger (Figs. '1 and 8), registerrespectively with the rear ends of passages 19 and 80 that are drilledlengthwise in the cap I8 and the upper part of the body I0. Through across passage 8| (Fig. 10) milled in the flat end of the cap I8, thepassage is in continuous communication with the adjacent end of thecylinder 26 while the remote end of the passage 80 communicates througha cross passage 82 in the cap I9 with the remote end of the cylinder 21.In a similar way, the hole 19 communicates through cross passages 83(Fig. 10) and 84 (Fig. 2) with the near and remote ends of the cylinders21 and 26, the passage 84 being a recess milled in the face of the capI9.

Annuler grooves 85 and 86 around the valve plunger 1I are spaced fartherapart than the holes 19 and 80 and, in the opposite limit positions ofthe plunger (Figs. 7 and 8), register with the holes, thereby connectingthe latter to one or the other of two exhaust ports 81 and 88 which openinto the valve cylinder 12 and extend downwardly to the bottom recess 2|in the cap I8. Thus, while air is being delivered to the valve throughone of the holes 19 and 80, the other hole is connected to one of theexhaust ports 81 and 88.

The Valve plunger 1| is shifted back and forth between its oppositelimit positions in response to the selective energization of individualpneumatic actuators 89 and 90 comprising the end portions of the plungercylinder 12 and pistons formed by opposite ends 9| and 92 of the plunger1|. Alternate energization of the valve actuators takes place in thefinal portions of the successive strokes of the rubbing shoes. Herein,the main pistons 28 and 29 themselves are utllized as the movablemembers of such valves and, in each of their strokes, operate toenergize one of the valve actuators 89 and 90 while simultaneously butmomentarily venting the other valve actuator. To this end, a hole 93drilled lengthwise of the body I0 communicates through a cross passage94 with a narrow port 95 in the cylinder 26, which port is uncovered bythe pis- Iton 28 (see Fig. 7) after the latter has traversed abouttwo-thirds of its forward stroke. The hole 93 also communicates througha cross passage 96 with a port 91 in the cylinder 21, this port beinguncovered by the piston 29 at the same time that the port 95 isuncovered by the piston 28. At the end of the body I0, the hole 93communicates with a recess 98 in the end of the cap I8 and is connectedby a hole 99 (Fig. 6) with the cylinder of the valve actuator 90. Asimilar hole |00 extending through the body I0 is cross connected toports IUI and |02 correspondingly positioned short of the near andremote ends of the cylinders 21 and 26 so as to be uncovered in thereverse motions of the pistons 28 and 29 after twothirds of the strokeshave been completed. The hole |00 communicates through a recess |03 anda hole |04 with the cylinder of the valve actuator 89.

To permit the plunger 1| to move when either one ofthe actuators 89 andk90 is energized, the other actuator is vented simultaneously but for aninterval only sufficient to allow the. valve plunger 1|; to. be, movedby its energized actuator. Herein, suchventing is also accomplished byvalves formed inpart by the main pistons 28 and 29, the venting beingthrough passages on the piston itself. To this end, va groove. |05 is,formed around the piston 28 short. of vone end thereof, so as toregister with the port |02 .at the same time that the port 95 isuncovered by the piston. Through holes |08 and the hollow piston, thegroove communicates continuously through the piston slot 55 with thebody slots 52 through which the air may escape downwardly. Thus, in theposition of the piston 29 shown in Figs. 2 and '1, the valve actuator 89is vented through the passage |00, the port |02 and the groove |05. Asimilar groove |01 in the other end of the cylinder 28 is adapted toregister with the port 95 when the port |02 is uncovered in the reversestroke of the piston, the actuator 90 then being vented through the hole93, the port 95, the piston groove |01 and holes in the bottom thereofcommunicating with the interior of the piston which, as mentioned above,is always vented.

Similar grooves |08 and |09 formed around the piston 20 communicatethrough holes with the vented interior of the piston and register withthe ports 01 and |0| respectively at the same times that the grooves |05and |01 register with the ports 95 and |02 respectively. By thusprovlding a duplicate set of supply and exhaust valves for controllingthe energization and the venting of the valve actuators 89 and 90, theforces applied to the main pistons and therefore to the rubbing shoesare rendered more uniform.

The operation of the rubbing machine above described is as follows,assuming that the control valve 63 is held open and starting with theparts positioned as shown in Figs. 2, 5, 6 and 7 in which the valveplunger 1| is in its right-hand position, the pistons 28 and 29 havingadvanced through two-thirds of their forward and return strokesrespectively. As shown by the full-line arrows in Fig. '1, compressedair from the supply passage 69 is being delivered through the valveplunger 1| and the passage 80 to the rear and forward ends of thecylinders 21 and 28 and is being exhausted through the passage 19 andthe exhaust port 81 of the valve, as indicated by the dotted arrows.Since the pistons 28 and 29 have advanced far enough to uncover theports 95 and 91, air under pressure is being supplied through thepassage 93 to the right-hand end of the valve cylinder 12, as is alsoindicated by the full-line arrows. The valve actuator 90 is thusenergized at the same time the actuator 90 is being vented through thepassage and the cylinder ports |0| and |02 which are at this instant inregister with the piston grooves |09 and |05. The piston 1| is thusquickly moved by the actuator 90 to its other limit position (Fig. 8) asthe motions of the piston 28 and 29 continue so as to carry the groovesand |09 past the ports |0| and |02, thereby disconnecting the passage|00 from the exhaust outlet through the pistons.

After shifting of the valve to the position shown in Fig. 8, the airpressure in the forward and rear ends of the cylinders 21 and 28 buildsup rapidly to oppose the continued motion of the pistons. Thus, apneumatic cushioning action is applied to the pistons to interrupt thestrokes in the positions shown in Fig. 8, whereupon their motions arereversed immediately by the pressure of the reverse strokes, thefor-ward and rear ends .of the cylinders. 26 and 21 are exhaustedthrough thev passage and the exhaust port 88 of the valve. After thepistons. 28 and v29 have moved through two-thirds of their strokes, thegrooves |01 and |08 come into register with the por-ts 95 and 91,thereby venting thevalve actuator 89. The cylinder ports |0| and |02 areuncovered by the. pistons, whereuponv air is, admitted through thepassage |00 to venergize the valve actuator 89. The valve plunger 1| isthus :shifted to the position shown in Fig. '1 vand the procedure abovedescribed of cushioning, `stopping yand reversing the piston motions isrepeated.

With the parts constructed and arranged as above described, it ispossible to reduce the overall size of the rubbing machine and increasethe lengths of the shoe strokes as compared to prior portable rubbingmachines. The present machine has an over-al1 length of seven inches,weighs live pounds, makes 2000 three-quarterinch strokes per minute, thediameters of the pistons being one inch.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a machine of the character described, the combination of, anelongated body having a pair of cylinders therein closely spaced side byside adjacent the top of said body, pistons slidable in said cylinders,two elongated laterally spaced parallel slides disposed below saidcylinders, three laterally spaced bearings disposed below said cylindersand engaging the sides of said slides and the bottom of said body toguide the slides for endwise reciprocation parallel to said cylinders,projections upstandng from said slides with their upper endsrespectively connected tc said pistons, lugs rigid with and dependingfrom said slides at points spaced apart along the slides, an element tobe reciprocated disposed below said body, means rigidly connecting thetop of said element to one of said lugs, a member substantially equal inweight to said element, means rigidly connecting said member to saidother lug, and valve means responsive to the movements of said elementfor admitting pressure uid alternately to opposite ends of saidcylinders to cause reciprocation of said element and said membersimultaneously but in opposite directions.

2. ln a machine of the character described, the combination of, anelongated body having a pair of cylinders therein closely spaced side byside adjacent the top of said body, pistons slidable in said cylinders,two elongated laterally spaced parallel slides disposed below saidcylinders, a rocker arm extending transversely of the ends of saidslides and fulcrumed between said slides and intermediate its ends onsaid body to rock parallel to the plane of reciprocation of the slides,means pivotally connecting opposite ends of said rocker arm to therespective slides, three laterally spaced bearings disposed below saidcylinders and engaging the sides of said slides and the bottom of saidbody to guide the slides for endwise reciprocation parallel to saidcylinders, projections upstandng from said slides with their upper endsrespectively connected to said pistons, lugs rigid with and dependingfrom said slides at points spaced apart along the slides, an element tobe reciprocated disposed below said body, means rigidly connecting thetop of said element to one of said lugs, a member substantially equal inweight to said element, means rigidly connecting said member to saidother lug, and valve means responsive t0 the movements of said ele- 7ment for admitting pressure uid alternately to opposite ends of saidcylinders to cause reciprocation of said element and said membersimultaneously but in opposite directions.

ROY J. CHIAMPAYNE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the tile ofthis patent:

Number Number Name Date Krger May 27, 1924 Rudln May '7, 1929 Scott Feb.18, 1930 Bowlby Nov. 15, 1932 Olivetti Aug. 11, 1936 Champayne Dec. 10,1940 McManus Sept. 7, 1943 Selnes May 14, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS CountryDate Great Britain Dec. 27, 1923 France Aug. 5, 1926

